-
Annals of Palliative Medicine Apr 2019Multiple new options are available in the palliation of bone metastases. Most of these techniques can be used in conjunction with radiation therapy either before or... (Review)
Review
Multiple new options are available in the palliation of bone metastases. Most of these techniques can be used in conjunction with radiation therapy either before or after and are now giving patients who have reached dose limitations new options. These techniques can also be used with vertebroplasty (VP) to increase structural stability post tumor ablation. Localized percutaneous treatment in the bone such as thermal [radiofrequency ablation (RFA)] and light [photodynamic therapy (PDT)] have been used to destroy tumor prior to injection with cement. This educational review will discuss the safety profile, technique and indications for emerging technology in the area of locoregional treatment of bone metastases in conjunction with vertebral augmentation. It will not delve comprehensively into conventional lines of treatment where indications and outcomes have already been well established.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Neoplasm Metastasis; Palliative Care; Radiofrequency Ablation; Spinal Neoplasms; Vertebroplasty
PubMed: 30691279
DOI: 10.21037/apm.2018.12.04 -
Magyar Onkologia Jun 2017Some disseminated tumor cells (as "seeds") feel well in the skeletal tissue, as a "soil", but the humoral crosstalk between tumor cells and bone cells disrupts the... (Review)
Review
Some disseminated tumor cells (as "seeds") feel well in the skeletal tissue, as a "soil", but the humoral crosstalk between tumor cells and bone cells disrupts the normal bone homeostasis (remodeling), which leads to a vicious circle, the multiple bone metastatic disease. The tumor cells could stimulate bone resorption, bone neo-formation or both, characteristic of the primary tumor. This usually incurable condition involves serious consequences, as fractures, pain, surgeries, irradiations, plegias, hypercalcemia, etc. (skeletal-related events, SREs), which destroy the quality of life. Targeting bone resorption with bisphosphonates or RANK ligand dependent mechanism could improve the rate of serious SREs and disease-free survival.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Bone Neoplasms; Denosumab; Diphosphonates; Humans; Hungary; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Prognosis; RANK Ligand; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28585620
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2022Lung neoplasm is the main cause of cancer-related mortality, and bone metastasis is among the most common secondary tumors. The vast majority of patients also present... (Review)
Review
Lung neoplasm is the main cause of cancer-related mortality, and bone metastasis is among the most common secondary tumors. The vast majority of patients also present with multiple bone metastases, which makes systemic and adjuvant pain therapy preferable to surgery. The optimal approach for a resectable non-small-cell lung tumor that also presents a unique, resectable bone metastasis is not fully established. The number of papers addressing this subject is small, and most are case reports; nevertheless, survival rates seem to increase with radical surgery. The sequencing of local versus systemic treatment should always be discussed within the multidisciplinary team that will choose the best approach for each patient. As targeted systemic therapies become more accessible, radical surgery, together with existing reconstructive methods, will lead to an increase in life expectancy and a better quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Quality of Life; Bone Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 36295624
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101463 -
Matrix Biology : Journal of the... 2016Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms... (Review)
Review
Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is necessary for future prevention and treatment. The tumor microenvironment is now known to play a role in the metastatic cascade, both at the primary tumor and in metastatic sites, and includes both cellular and non-cellular components. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and signaling cues to cells. One particular group of molecules associated with the ECM, known as matricellular proteins, modulate multiple aspects of tumor biology, including growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. These proteins are also important for normal function in the bone by regulating bone formation and bone resorption. Recent studies have described a link between some of these proteins and metastasis of various tumors to the bone. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about matricellular protein influence on bone metastasis. Particular attention to the contribution of both tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the bone has been given.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 26807761
DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.006 -
Disease Markers 2013Breast cancer progression including bone metastasis is a complex process involving numerous changes in gene expression and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer progression including bone metastasis is a complex process involving numerous changes in gene expression and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting protein-coding mRNAs posttranscriptionally, often affecting a number of gene targets simultaneously. Alteration in expression of miRNAs is common in human breast cancer, possessing with either oncogenic or tumor suppressive activity. The expression and the functional role of several miRNAs (miR-206, miR-31, miR-27a/b, miR-21, miR-92a, miR-205, miR-125a/b, miR-10b, miR-155, miR-146a/b, miR-335, miR-204, miR-211, miR-7, miR-22, miR-126, and miR-17) in breast cancer has been identified. In this review we summarize the experimentally validated targets of up- and downregulated miRNAs and their regulation in breast cancer and bone metastasis for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Neoplasm; Humans; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 24191129
DOI: 10.1155/2013/451248 -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2021To evaluate the clinical utility of quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for primary bone...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical utility of quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for primary bone neoplasms.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Bone SPECT/CT scans of 23 patients with 19 benign bone neoplasms (5 osteoid osteomas, 4 bone giant cell tumor, 4 osteofibrous dysplasia, 3 intraosseous ganglion, 2 aneurysmal bone cyst, 1 intraosseous hemangioma) and 5 malignant bone neoplasms (2 osteosarcoma, 1 periosteal osteosarcoma, 1 malignancy in bone giant cell tumor, 1 Ewing sarcoma) were retrospectively analyzed with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak SUV (SUVpeak), mean SUV (SUVmean), metabolic bone volume (MBV), and total bone uptake (TBU) of primary lesions.
RESULTS
Mean SUVmax of 19 benign and 5 malignant primary bone neoplasms were 6.89±3.26 (range 3.9-15.13) and 10.31±3.19 (5.0-13.45) respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.048). Mean SUVpeak of those were 5.87±2.83 (range 3.5-13.63) and 9.18±3.05 (4.09-12.03) respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.032). Mean SUVmean of those were 4.43±2.11 (range 2.59-9.37) and 7.13±2.90 (3.3-10.42) respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.027). Mean MBV of those were 22.0±30.0 (range 2.47-110.61) and 27.8±39.94 (8.59-99.24) respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.72). Mean TBU of those were 80.64±94.57 (range 10.50-373.57) and 166.60±203.97 (28.68-528.13) respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.17).
CONCLUSION
Quantitative values obtained with bone SPECT/CT may serve as osteoblastic biomarkers for primary bone neoplasm.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 33866337
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912304 -
Biosensors Feb 2021Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones.OSA is a rare mesenchymal bone neoplasm derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Genome... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones.OSA is a rare mesenchymal bone neoplasm derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Genome disorganization, chromosomal modifications, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair defects are the factors most responsible for OSA development. Despite significant advances in the diagnosing and treatment of OSA, patients' overall survival has not improved within the last twenty years. Lately, advances in modern nanotechnology have spurred development in OSA management and offered several advantages to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapies. This technology has allowed the practical design of nanoscale devices combined with numerous functional molecules, including tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, anti-cancer drugs, and imaging probes. Thanks to their small sizes, desirable drug encapsulation efficiency, and good bioavailability, functionalized nanomaterials have found wide-spread applications for combating OSA progression. This review invokes the possible utility of engineered nanomaterials in OSA diagnosis and treatment, motivating the researchers to seek new strategies for tackling the challenges associated with it.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 33672770
DOI: 10.3390/bios11020055 -
BioMed Research International 2015Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are frequently used as diagnostic agents in nuclear medicine, because they can detect bone disorders before anatomical changes occur.... (Review)
Review
Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are frequently used as diagnostic agents in nuclear medicine, because they can detect bone disorders before anatomical changes occur. Furthermore, their effectiveness in the palliation of metastatic bone cancer pain has been demonstrated in the clinical setting. With the aim of developing superior bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, many compounds have been designed, prepared, and evaluated. Here, several well-designed bone-seeking compounds used for diagnostic and therapeutic use, having the concept of radiometal complexes conjugated to carrier molecules to bone, are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 26075256
DOI: 10.1155/2015/676053 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2022Osteosarcoma is a common bone sarcoma that often occurs in childhood and adolescence. In recent years, the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatments has been improved by... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Osteosarcoma is a common bone sarcoma that often occurs in childhood and adolescence. In recent years, the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatments has been improved by adjuvant chemotherapies and surgical approaches. However, poor prognosis often occurs among osteosarcoma patients due to recurrence, metastasis, or drug resistance problems. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a specific type of tumor malignant cells with stem cell-like properties, have been reported to be responsible for tumor origination, aggression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been identified in osteosarcomas treatment, which exhibits self-renewal, multi-potency, and enhanced drug resistance. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to summarize the role of lncRNAs in regulating CSCs and their effectiveness in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The databases PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were used for the presented study. The keywords we used to complete our search are 'lncRNA', 'Stem cell', and 'osteosarcoma'. A total of over 800 relevant articles, with a time limit from 2010 to 2021, were identified according to search strategy. Duplicate records and review articles were excluded by their titles and abstracts. Finally, we found about 80 articles matching our inclusion criteria, which included about 13 relevant studies focusing on both the mechanism and effectiveness of osteosarcomas treatment among osteosarcoma patients.
RESULTS
CD133, CD117, ALDH, and Stro-1 are validated as the stem cell biomarkers in osteosarcoma CSCs. Accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs, containing HIF2PUT, SOX2-OT, MALAT1, THOR, B4GALT1-AS1, H19, PVT1, FER1L4, LINK-A, DANCR, and DLX6-AS1, play a potential role in regulating CSCs in osteosarcoma. The drug resistance, inhibition of the relapse, and metastasis in osteosarcoma could be avoided via regulating lncRNAs of targeting CSCs.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple lncRNAs regulate CSCs in osteosarcoma via various molecular mechanisms. This review demonstrated that the method of eliminating CSCs by targeting these lncRNAs is a safe, effective, and a well-tolerated way for osteosarcoma patients, which shows a broad research prospect in tumor diagnoses and therapies. However, this method should be further demonstrated by better animal models and more clinical experiments.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Osteosarcoma; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 35179763
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202202_28006 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2021In this study, we planned to investigate the clinical course of patients with breast cancer with oligometastatic bone disease (OMBD). The patients were grouped according...
In this study, we planned to investigate the clinical course of patients with breast cancer with oligometastatic bone disease (OMBD). The patients were grouped according to the characteristics and the sites of metastases. Group I included 928 patients without metastasis. Group II, the OMBD group, included 68 patients. Group III, the widespread metastasis group, comprised 185 patients with multiple bone metastases and/or solid organ metastases. The mean overall survival of the groups was 16.7 ± 0.3 years in group 1, and 7.8 ± 0.8 and 5.9 ± 0.4 years in groups 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.001 for the comparison of all three groups together; p < 0.001 for group 1 vs. 2 and 3) and (p = 0.037 for group 2 vs. group 3). In the subgroup survival analysis of patients in group 2 (OMBD), the mean and median survival was 5.5 ± 0.8 and 4.0 ± 0.8 years vs. 9.2 ± 0.98 and 9.0 ± 1.05 years in patients with more than one bone metastasis and single bone metastasis, respectively (p = 0.019). OMBD seems to be a different disease than breast cancer with isolated bone metastases. The high risk of developing OMBD, especially following locoregional recurrence, increases the importance of locoregional therapy in large T and N stage tumors.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 34635748
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99726-7